Messenger RNA (mRNA) technology has emerged as a transformative force in modern medicine. Initially recognized for its role in COVID-19 vaccines, mRNA has since become a promising tool in gene therapy, cancer treatment, and protein replacement therapies. As advancements in in vitro transcription (IVT) mRNA synthesis, delivery systems, and modification strategies continue to evolve, the potential applications of mRNA extend far beyond infectious disease prevention. This article explores the latest breakthroughs in mRNA technology and its expanding role in therapeutic development.